Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) structures fabricated with titanium nodes have emerged as promising agents for a broad range of applications. These materials display exceptional structural properties, including high conductivity, tunable band gaps, and good durability. The special combination of these features makes titanium-based MOFs highly effic

Nanoparticles have emerged as promising materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. However, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a significant concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a unique type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared light to visible light, have gained considerable attention